In this age of speed the distance is gradually losing its identity. But this has given rise to a problem to which frequent and distant flyers suffer. That is jet lag. It is due to the maladjustment of the biological clock. Like our wrist watch body maintains a clock for its activity, the circadian rhythm, called biological clock. It is a function of the brain.
Most of the researchers agree that the effect of light on eyes sets it into motion, maintains it and adjusts it whenever required. Light stimulus is felt in part of brain called suprachiasmatic area which maintains the biological clock. Circadian rhythm refers to the daily activity of body in relation to the day and night. Some hormones are secreted according to a set time.
Melatonin is a hormone responsible for inducing sleep is secreted around 10 PM and ends towards 5 AM. Of course, it may shift a little this way or that way according habit of sleep of a person. Corticosteroid hormones are secreted towards 5 AM to make the person active and face the challenge of the day to day activity. So, if it is 12 midnight in the biological clock and a local time is morning 6AM, body cannot respond to it and the disparity ensues. Of course, biological clock adjusts but not very swiftly. And, that is the Jet lag; to cope with it players are flown to distant places sufficiently ahead of scheduled time.
“Enjoying a glass of white wine on a frequent basis can damage the teeth, something many wine makers and tasters will know first-hand, experts say.Pale plonk packs an acidic punch that erodes enamel far more than red wine, Nutrition Research reports.It is not the wine’s vintage, origin or alcohol that are key but its pH and duration of contact.xxxxxxxx..In the lab, adult teeth soaked in white wine for a day had a loss of both calcium and another mineral called phosphorus to depths of up to 60 micrometers in the enamel surface, which the researchers say is significant”.
I Quote the above from the BBC news, regarding the enamel erosive activity of wine, the white being more so than the red. Enamel is made up of calcium and phosphorus. Any acid can have a erosive action on it. Calcium reacts with acids to form salts and the erosion. If wine is acidic and if remains in contact for longer period it is likely to cause damage. Brushing immediately after the consumption does more harm as the damaged surface is rubbed off calcium.
There is pain of varying degree in the anus during passing of motions, compelling the patient to hold stool. The pain lasts for sometimes after the act. Most of the sufferers are ladies. It may follow after passing of hard stool in the recent past.
It is called Fissure-in-Ano. Non-vegetarian food of animal origin is responsible for it as that causes constipation. A life style change with more protein intake has increased it many fold. Some patients have an inherent problem of high sphincter tone. Fissure is a linear ulcer seen in the external anal region. It may occupy either front or back side of anal canal, or sometimes both the sides. In female, it is usally seen in the anterior (front) side whereas in male in the posterior side (back). Usually always, covered by a skin fold in the out side. As the skin fold guards the fissure like a sentry, called sentinel pile, is always painful to touch. The fissure sometimes bleeds and blood comes as a streak attached to the stool.
Fiber in diet prevents it. Most commonly treated in a conservative manner keeping in view to make the stool soft. So, stool softeners paly a major role. Liguid paraffin containing liquids are avoided, as they delay healing. To get ride of pain anesthetic gels are prescribed. A warm bath to anus, called sitz bath is advised after defaecation. An antibacterial gel is also advised. A smooth muscle relaxant gel is also prescribed. If conservative treatment fails a sphincter cutting surgery is contemplated. But, such surgery has the problem of anal incontenence. Most of my patients get relief from dietary modification and conservative treatment.
- Chemical structure of vitamin D 3
In Indian mythology, there was a story related to the worship of Sun God. Samba, son of Lord Krishna was cursed to suffer from leprosy due to some evil act of his. He realized the mistake and sought the remedy. It was suggested to him that, only Sun God had the power to heal that disease, and he should make the god happy by prayers to get his blessings. He followed that and got cured. Whatever might be the behind story, it goes without saying that sun rays have much more implications in our lives, than originally thought of.
It is the sun rays, which helps in the synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol in our body. This vitamin is not available in plenty in our day to day food. Vitamin D is converted to the active form in the kidney and help in calcium metabolism. In its deficiency, one may suffer from rickets to osteomalacia etc.. This was the traditional teaching about the utility of this vitamin.
- Milk and cereal grains are often fortified with vitamin D.
Now more informations are pouring in regarding its role in human life. Researchers have found that this vitamin along with calcium maintain the integrity of cells of human body. The regulation of multiplication of cells, autonomy of cells and inhibition of unwanted growth like cancer are managed by vitamin D. Low level of it may be associated with cancer of breast, ovary, prostate and colon etc.. A higher level at about 40-60ngms/ml may actually prevent these cancers. This is very interesting development and further study will enlighten more about its role in cancer prevention.
That is why, now-a-days outdoor activity is encouraged in the school curriculum. Let us go outdoors to prevent these aggressive cancers for free.
- Life Cycle & Mode of Transmission
Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus Granulosus. These larva remain in the muscle tissue of animals. The undercooked or uncooked flesh if taken, may cause the disease. These larva migrate from the intestine of human beings and gets lodged into the liver. They can form cysts there or may go to any other location and from cyst. The common sites of cyst formation are; liver, lungs, spleen and abdomen etc..These take time to grow in size and exert pressure on the neighborhood to manifest. So, depending on the site, the symptoms may vary. It gives rise to severe allergic reaction, if the contents leak into abdominal cavity and other places. The anaphylaxis may cause death. Sometimes the spill over may cause daughter cysts to develop in the vicinity to spread the disease.
The diagnosis is much more easy now-a-days in the advent of ultrasound. Plain x-rays are also helpful. A Test called Casoni’s test, may not be needed to-day. Small cysts can be treated by antihelminthics like albendazole or mebendazole. Surgical enucleation done with utmost care, prevent spillage and, is the choice for the bigger cysts.
CT Of Liver Showing Hydatid Cysts
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](http://img.zemanta.com/reblog_b.png?x-id=30cbdf37-0da4-4072-82ed-2ec1cf2d3efd)
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](http://img.zemanta.com/reblog_b.png?x-id=590ecf04-6854-42ca-9fe0-37479787f09f)
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](http://img.zemanta.com/reblog_b.png?x-id=3f3f4eab-3faa-4cb8-8d0f-dce657240f58)
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](http://img.zemanta.com/reblog_b.png?x-id=0161fad6-47d9-4f03-a30b-7dbee33ba4dd)
![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](http://img.zemanta.com/reblog_b.png?x-id=87b04d6c-8e26-4de8-86ad-3c310d592361)
